Application case of phenol

1. Synthetic Polymer Materials

Phenol serves as a core raw material for phenolic resins and polycarbonates (used in optical materials and electronic devices). It is also a key intermediate in producing bisphenol A (for plastic bottles and building materials).

2. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Production

It is utilized in synthesizing salicylic acid (for pharmaceuticals and pesticides), ibuprofen (an analgesic), paracetamol, and other drugs. Furthermore, it is employed in manufacturing dyes, fragrances, and rubber additives.

3. Preservation and Disinfection

Phenol acts as a preservative in food and cosmetics to inhibit microbial growth and functions as a bactericide in industrial circulating water systems.

⚠️ Environmental Pollution and Emergency Cases

▪ Accidental Leak Incidents

• Guangdong Jieyang Accident (2020): A leakage from a 30-ton phenol tanker contaminated an 8-km river section, threatening the Rongjiang water source. Emergency teams controlled the pollution using lime dams, activated carbon adsorption, and water diversion, averting a drinking water crisis.

• Yunnan Crude Phenol Pollution (2019): A crude phenol leakage caused fish deaths and soil poisoning. Authorities constructed 10 lime dams for interception, deployed activated carbon for degradation, and cut off the downstream water intake to ensure public safety.

▪ Toxicity Impact and Mitigation

Phenol exhibits high toxicity to aquatic life (inhibiting reproduction) and crops (causing withering). Prolonged human exposure may lead to liver/kidney damage and neurological symptoms, necessitating strict industrial emission controls.